Booking / scheduling on Next.js 16 (App Router) + Postgres (Neon) + Better Auth

✓ Verified 2026-06-21 · next 16.2.9 · postgres 3.4.9 · better-auth 1.6.20

Type-checked against the real SDKs, migration applied to a live Postgres, pooling tested — then tracked for upstream drift and re-verified when it moves. How we verify →

What you're getting

Setup

bun add next react react-dom drizzle-orm postgres better-auth

Environment variables:

Apply the schema: bunx drizzle-kit push

Initialization

src/lib/db.ts — Database client

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/postgres-js";
import postgres from "postgres";

// Neon pooled endpoint = PgBouncer transaction mode → prepared statements off.
// ponytail: single module-level client; the serverless runtime + PgBouncer do
// the pooling, so no custom pool/globalThis singleton dance needed.
const client = postgres(process.env.DATABASE_URL!, { prepare: false });

export const db = drizzle({ client });

src/lib/auth.ts — Auth instance

// Better Auth instance (self-hosted, Next.js 16 (App Router)).
import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";
import { drizzleAdapter } from "better-auth/adapters/drizzle";
// Reuse the SAME postgres-js/Drizzle client the db slice exported in
// src/lib/db.ts — Better Auth shares the pooled `DATABASE_URL` connection.
import { db } from "./db";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  // Drizzle adapter over the shared client; provider "pg" => Postgres DDL
  // for Better Auth's own user/session/account/verification tables.
  database: drizzleAdapter(db, { provider: "pg" }),
  // ponytail: email+password is the shortest real auth that works out of
  // the box — add socialProviders / plugins here when the app needs them.
  emailAndPassword: { enabled: true },
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET,
  baseURL: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_URL,
});

export type Session = typeof auth.$Infer.Session;

app/api/auth/[...all]/route.ts — Route handler

// Mount Better Auth on Next's route layer.
import { toNextJsHandler } from "better-auth/next-js";
import { auth } from "@/lib/auth";

export const { GET, POST } = toNextJsHandler(auth);

proxy.ts — Route protection

// Session-protection proxy for Next.js 16 (App Router) (Next 16 renamed middleware.ts → proxy.ts).
// ponytail: getSessionCookie only checks the cookie EXISTS (no DB hit at
// the Edge runtime) — do the real auth.api.getSession() check inside
// protected Server Components / route handlers. This just bounces
// logged-out users before render.
import { NextResponse, type NextRequest } from "next/server";
import { getSessionCookie } from "better-auth/cookies";

export function proxy(request: NextRequest) {
  const sessionCookie = getSessionCookie(request);
  if (!sessionCookie) {
    return NextResponse.redirect(new URL("/sign-in", request.url));
  }
  return NextResponse.next();
}

export const config = {
  // ponytail: guard the SaaS app surface; widen the matcher per app-type.
  matcher: ["/dashboard/:path*", "/settings/:path*"],
};

Booking & scheduling schema: resources, availability & reservations

import { relations, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import {
  boolean,
  check,
  index,
  integer,
  pgTable,
  text,
  timestamp,
  uuid,
} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
// Better Auth owns identity; we only reference its `user` table by id.
import { user } from "./auth-schema";

export type ReservationStatus = "held" | "confirmed" | "cancelled";
export type BookingPaymentStatus = "pending" | "paid" | "refunded";

/** A bookable thing (room, table, seat, staff member). Owned by the user who
 *  publishes it; capacity caps how many can be reserved against one slot. */
export const resources = pgTable(
  "resources",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    // Better Auth's user.id is text — match it, don't recast.
    ownerId: text("owner_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    name: text("name").notNull(),
    capacity: integer("capacity").notNull().default(1),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [index("idx_resource_owner").on(t.ownerId)],
);

/** A time window a resource publishes. isOpen lets the owner close a window
 *  without deleting it (and its reservations). The resource+startsAt index
 *  drives the calendar lookup. */
export const availabilitySlots = pgTable(
  "availability_slots",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    resourceId: uuid("resource_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => resources.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    startsAt: timestamp("starts_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull(),
    endsAt: timestamp("ends_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull(),
    isOpen: boolean("is_open").notNull().default(true),
  },
  (t) => [
    // Drives the "slots for this resource, in time order" calendar query.
    index("idx_slot_resource_time").on(t.resourceId, t.startsAt),
  ],
);

/** A hold/booking against a slot. status walks the lifecycle; partySize is how
 *  many of the slot's capacity this reservation consumes. */
export const reservations = pgTable(
  "reservations",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    slotId: uuid("slot_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => availabilitySlots.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    bookedBy: text("booked_by")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    status: text("status")
      .$type<ReservationStatus>()
      .notNull()
      .default("held"),
    partySize: integer("party_size").notNull().default(1),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [
    // Drives the "my reservations" lookup.
    index("idx_reservation_user").on(t.bookedBy),
    check(
      "reservations_status_check",
      sql`${t.status} in ('held','confirmed','cancelled')`,
    ),
  ],
);

/** Payment settling a reservation. amountCents keeps money integer; status
 *  walks the settlement states. */
export const bookingPayments = pgTable(
  "booking_payments",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    reservationId: uuid("reservation_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => reservations.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    // Money as integer cents — no float money in the ledger.
    amountCents: integer("amount_cents").notNull().default(0),
    status: text("status")
      .$type<BookingPaymentStatus>()
      .notNull()
      .default("pending"),
    // ponytail: opaque payment-provider id (Stripe/etc.) — no provider FK needed.
    providerPaymentId: text("provider_payment_id"),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [
    index("idx_payment_reservation").on(t.reservationId),
    check(
      "booking_payments_status_check",
      sql`${t.status} in ('pending','paid','refunded')`,
    ),
  ],
);

export const resourcesRelations = relations(resources, ({ one, many }) => ({
  owner: one(user, { fields: [resources.ownerId], references: [user.id] }),
  slots: many(availabilitySlots),
}));

export const availabilitySlotsRelations = relations(
  availabilitySlots,
  ({ one, many }) => ({
    resource: one(resources, {
      fields: [availabilitySlots.resourceId],
      references: [resources.id],
    }),
    reservations: many(reservations),
  }),
);

export const reservationsRelations = relations(
  reservations,
  ({ one, many }) => ({
    slot: one(availabilitySlots, {
      fields: [reservations.slotId],
      references: [availabilitySlots.id],
    }),
    bookedByUser: one(user, {
      fields: [reservations.bookedBy],
      references: [user.id],
    }),
    payments: many(bookingPayments),
  }),
);

export const bookingPaymentsRelations = relations(
  bookingPayments,
  ({ one }) => ({
    reservation: one(reservations, {
      fields: [bookingPayments.reservationId],
      references: [reservations.id],
    }),
  }),
);

Connection & security

## Next.js 16 ↔ Postgres pooling (Neon pooled endpoint, PgBouncer transaction mode)

Connect through Neon's **pooled** endpoint (`-pooler` host) via `DATABASE_URL`. Serverless
functions are short-lived and concurrent, so PgBouncer in **transaction mode** is what keeps
Postgres' connection ceiling from being blown.

### `prepare: false` is mandatory
Transaction-mode PgBouncer hands each transaction a different backend, so server-side prepared
statements (postgres-js' default) silently break across the pool. Disable them on the client:
`postgres(url, { prepare: false })`. This is also why **Drizzle, not Prisma**, is paired here —
Prisma's prepared-statement reliance is a blocked intersection on this endpoint.

### Connection reuse
- Construct the postgres-js client at **module scope** (`src/lib/db.ts`) so warm function
  instances reuse one socket instead of opening one per request.
- Cap the driver pool small — `max: 1` per instance. The shared pool lives in PgBouncer, not in
  your function; a large per-instance `max` just multiplies idle connections across instances.
- Keep `idle_timeout` ~20s and `connect_timeout` ~10s so frozen instances release backends fast.

### No session-level features
Transaction mode forbids anything that spans transactions on one backend: `LISTEN/NOTIFY`,
session-scoped `SET`, advisory-lock sessions, server-side cursors, and `WITH HOLD`. Need any of
those? Use Neon's **direct** (non-pooled) endpoint for that path only.

### Thresholds
- Drizzle/postgres-js: `prepare: false`, `max: 1`, `idle_timeout: 20`, `connect_timeout: 10`.
- Neon Free pooled budget is ~10k client connections; keep concurrency well under the project's
  `max_connections` (often 100–900 by plan) by leaning on PgBouncer, never on driver pooling.

Decisions & compatibility

Related stacks