LMS (learning platform) on React Router v8, Postgres (Neon) and Better Auth

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/postgres-js";
import postgres from "postgres";

// Neon pooled endpoint = PgBouncer transaction mode → prepared statements off.
// ponytail: single module-level client; the serverless runtime + PgBouncer do
// the pooling, so no custom pool/globalThis singleton dance needed.
const client = postgres(process.env.DATABASE_URL!, { prepare: false });

export const db = drizzle({ client });

import { boolean, pgTable, text, timestamp } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";

export const user = pgTable("user", {
  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
  name: text("name").notNull(),
  email: text("email").notNull().unique(),
  emailVerified: boolean("email_verified").notNull().default(false),
  image: text("image"),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
  updatedAt: timestamp("updated_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
});

export const session = pgTable("session", {
  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
  expiresAt: timestamp("expires_at").notNull(),
  token: text("token").notNull().unique(),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
  updatedAt: timestamp("updated_at").notNull(),
  ipAddress: text("ip_address"),
  userAgent: text("user_agent"),
  userId: text("user_id")
    .notNull()
    .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
});

export const account = pgTable("account", {
  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
  accountId: text("account_id").notNull(),
  providerId: text("provider_id").notNull(),
  userId: text("user_id")
    .notNull()
    .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  accessToken: text("access_token"),
  refreshToken: text("refresh_token"),
  idToken: text("id_token"),
  accessTokenExpiresAt: timestamp("access_token_expires_at"),
  refreshTokenExpiresAt: timestamp("refresh_token_expires_at"),
  scope: text("scope"),
  password: text("password"),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
  updatedAt: timestamp("updated_at").notNull(),
});

export const verification = pgTable("verification", {
  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
  identifier: text("identifier").notNull(),
  value: text("value").notNull(),
  expiresAt: timestamp("expires_at").notNull(),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
  updatedAt: timestamp("updated_at").notNull().defaultNow(),
});

// Better Auth instance (self-hosted, React Router v8).
import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";
import { drizzleAdapter } from "better-auth/adapters/drizzle";
// Reuse the SAME postgres-js/Drizzle client the db slice exported in
// app/lib/db.ts — Better Auth shares the pooled `DATABASE_URL` connection.
import { db } from "./db";
import * as authSchema from "@/db/auth-schema";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  // Drizzle adapter over the shared client. The schema is passed HERE (not into
  // drizzle()) — it is the only consumer that needs it, so the db client stays
  // schema-less. ponytail: do NOT enable experimental.joins; it is the one option
  // that would make the adapter reach into db._.fullSchema.
  // ponytail: usePlural stays false (the default) — with it true Better Auth would
  // look for `sessions`/`accounts` and could bind to the analytics/ledger app-type tables.
  database: drizzleAdapter(db, { provider: "pg", schema: authSchema }),
  // ponytail: email+password is the shortest real auth that works out of
  // the box — add socialProviders / plugins here when the app needs them.
  emailAndPassword: { enabled: true },
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET,
  baseURL: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_URL,
});

export type Session = typeof auth.$Infer.Session;

// Better Auth mounted as a React Router resource route (a route module with NO
// default component). auth.handler is framework-agnostic — (Request) => Response —
// so the GET loader and the POST/etc. action both delegate straight to it. The
// `$` splat catches every /api/auth/* sub-path Better Auth routes internally.
import type { LoaderFunctionArgs, ActionFunctionArgs } from "react-router";
import { auth } from "@/lib/auth";

export function loader({ request }: LoaderFunctionArgs) {
  return auth.handler(request);
}

export function action({ request }: ActionFunctionArgs) {
  return auth.handler(request);
}

// Session gate — the RR7 replacement for Next's Edge proxy. Protected loaders
// call `await requireAuth(request)`. Unlike the proxy's cookie-existence check,
// this does the REAL server-side validation via auth.api.getSession, then throws
// a redirect Response (React Router short-circuits the loader on a thrown Response)
// to bounce logged-out users before the protected data ever loads.
import { redirect } from "react-router";
import { auth } from "@/lib/auth";

export async function requireAuth(request: Request) {
  const session = await auth.api.getSession({ headers: request.headers });
  if (!session) {
    throw redirect("/sign-in");
  }
  return session;
}

// === file: app/db/schema.ts ===
import { relations, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import {
  check,
  index,
  integer,
  pgTable,
  text,
  timestamp,
  unique,
  uuid,
} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
// Better Auth owns identity; we only reference its `user` table by id.
import { user } from "./auth-schema";

export type CourseStatus = "draft" | "published" | "archived";
export type LessonContentType = "video" | "text" | "quiz";
export type ProgressStatus = "not_started" | "in_progress" | "completed";

/** Catalog root. Each course has one instructor (a Better Auth user). */
export const courses = pgTable(
  "courses",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    slug: text("slug").notNull().unique(),
    title: text("title").notNull(),
    // Better Auth's user.id is text — match it, don't recast.
    instructorId: text("instructor_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    status: text("status")
      .$type<CourseStatus>()
      .notNull()
      .default("draft"),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [
    index("idx_course_slug").on(t.slug),
    index("idx_course_instructor").on(t.instructorId),
    check(
      "courses_status_check",
      sql`${t.status} in ('draft','published','archived')`,
    ),
  ],
);

/** Ordered sections within a course. position drives curriculum order. */
export const modules = pgTable(
  "modules",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    courseId: uuid("course_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => courses.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    title: text("title").notNull(),
    position: integer("position").notNull().default(0),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [index("idx_module_course").on(t.courseId, t.position)],
);

/** Leaf content unit. contentType selects how the lesson renders/plays. */
export const lessons = pgTable(
  "lessons",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    moduleId: uuid("module_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => modules.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    title: text("title").notNull(),
    position: integer("position").notNull().default(0),
    contentType: text("content_type")
      .$type<LessonContentType>()
      .notNull()
      .default("text"),
    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [
    index("idx_lesson_module").on(t.moduleId, t.position),
    check(
      "lessons_content_type_check",
      sql`${t.contentType} in ('video','text','quiz')`,
    ),
  ],
);

/** course <-> student join. The composite unique is the enrollment identity. */
export const enrollments = pgTable(
  "enrollments",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    courseId: uuid("course_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => courses.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    studentId: text("student_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    enrolledAt: timestamp("enrolled_at", { withTimezone: true })
      .notNull()
      .defaultNow(),
  },
  (t) => [
    unique("enrollments_course_student_unique").on(t.courseId, t.studentId),
    // Drives the learner's "my courses" list.
    index("idx_enrollment_student").on(t.studentId),
  ],
);

/** Per-lesson learner state. The composite unique is one row per student+lesson. */
export const lessonProgress = pgTable(
  "lesson_progress",
  {
    id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
    lessonId: uuid("lesson_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => lessons.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    studentId: text("student_id")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => user.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    status: text("status")
      .$type<ProgressStatus>()
      .notNull()
      .default("not_started"),
    completedAt: timestamp("completed_at", { withTimezone: true }),
  },
  (t) => [
    unique("lesson_progress_student_lesson_unique").on(
      t.studentId,
      t.lessonId,
    ),
    // Drives the per-learner progress lookup (student + lesson).
    index("idx_progress_student_lesson").on(t.studentId, t.lessonId),
    check(
      "lesson_progress_status_check",
      sql`${t.status} in ('not_started','in_progress','completed')`,
    ),
  ],
);

export const coursesRelations = relations(courses, ({ one, many }) => ({
  instructor: one(user, {
    fields: [courses.instructorId],
    references: [user.id],
  }),
  modules: many(modules),
  enrollments: many(enrollments),
}));

export const modulesRelations = relations(modules, ({ one, many }) => ({
  course: one(courses, {
    fields: [modules.courseId],
    references: [courses.id],
  }),
  lessons: many(lessons),
}));

export const lessonsRelations = relations(lessons, ({ one, many }) => ({
  module: one(modules, {
    fields: [lessons.moduleId],
    references: [modules.id],
  }),
  progress: many(lessonProgress),
}));

export const enrollmentsRelations = relations(enrollments, ({ one }) => ({
  course: one(courses, {
    fields: [enrollments.courseId],
    references: [courses.id],
  }),
  student: one(user, {
    fields: [enrollments.studentId],
    references: [user.id],
  }),
}));

export const lessonProgressRelations = relations(lessonProgress, ({ one }) => ({
  lesson: one(lessons, {
    fields: [lessonProgress.lessonId],
    references: [lessons.id],
  }),
  student: one(user, {
    fields: [lessonProgress.studentId],
    references: [user.id],
  }),
}));

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/postgres-js";
import postgres from "postgres";

// Serverless: one connection per (short-lived) instance; Neon's pooler multiplexes.
export const sql = postgres(process.env.DATABASE_URL!, { prepare: false, max: 1 });
export const db = drizzle(sql);

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/postgres-js";
import postgres from "postgres";

// Long-running process: a real, reused pool. Still prepare:false on the pooled endpoint.
export const sql = postgres(process.env.DATABASE_URL!, { prepare: false, max: 10, idle_timeout: 20 });
export const db = drizzle(sql);

import { neon } from "@neondatabase/serverless";
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/neon-http";

// Edge/Workers have NO TCP sockets, so postgres-js cannot run here. Neon's HTTP
// driver speaks Postgres over fetch — the only client that works on Workers.
export const sql = neon(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);
export const db = drizzle(sql);